Décollage! La méga fusée Artemis I de la NASA lance Orion sur la Lune

Posted By NASA, James Webb, Hubble Space Telescope Robert on 16-11-2022 18:59:34

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Après un lancement réussi du Space Launch System (SLS) de la NASA, la fusée la plus puissante au monde, le vaisseau spatial Orion de l'agence est en route vers la Lune dans le cadre du programme Artemis. Transportant un Orion sans équipage, SLS a décollé pour ses débuts d'essais en vol à 1 h 47 HNE mercredi depuis la rampe de lancement 39B au Kennedy Space Center de la NASA en Floride.

Le lancement est la première étape d'une mission dans laquelle Orion devrait parcourir environ 40 000 milles au-delà de la Lune et revenir sur Terre en 25,5 jours. Connue sous le nom d'Artemis I, la mission est un élément essentiel de l'approche d'exploration Moon to Mars de la NASA, dans laquelle l'agence explore au profit de l'humanité. C'est un test important pour l'agence avant de faire voler des astronautes sur la mission Artemis II.

« Quel spectacle incroyable de voir la fusée Space Launch System de la NASA et le vaisseau spatial Orion se lancer ensemble pour la première fois. Ce test en vol sans équipage poussera Orion aux limites des rigueurs de l'espace lointain, nous aidant à nous préparer à l'exploration humaine sur la Lune et, finalement, sur Mars », a déclaré l'administrateur de la NASA, Bill Nelson.


Après avoir atteint son orbite initiale, Orion a déployé ses panneaux solaires et les ingénieurs ont commencé à effectuer des vérifications des systèmes du vaisseau spatial. Après environ 1,5 heure de vol, le moteur de l'étage supérieur de la fusée a tiré avec succès pendant environ 18 minutes pour donner à Orion la grande poussée nécessaire pour l'envoyer hors de l'orbite terrestre et vers la Lune.

Orion s'est séparé de son étage supérieur et se trouve sur sa côte sortante vers la Lune, propulsé par son module de service, qui est la centrale propulsive fournie par l'ESA (Agence spatiale européenne) grâce à une collaboration internationale.

"Il a fallu beaucoup de temps pour arriver ici, mais Orion est maintenant en route vers la Lune", a déclaré Jim Free, administrateur associé adjoint de la NASA pour la direction des missions de développement des systèmes d'exploration. "Ce lancement réussi signifie que la NASA et nos partenaires sont sur la bonne voie pour explorer plus loin dans l'espace que jamais auparavant au profit de l'humanité."

Au cours des prochaines heures, une série de 10 petites enquêtes scientifiques et démonstrations technologiques, appelées CubeSats, se déploieront à partir d'un anneau qui reliait l'étage supérieur au vaisseau spatial. Chaque CubeSat a sa propre mission qui a le potentiel de combler des lacunes dans notre connaissance du système solaire ou de démontrer des technologies qui pourraient bénéficier à la conception de futures missions d'exploration de la Lune et au-delà.

Le module de service d'Orion effectuera également la première d'une série de brûlures pour maintenir Orion sur la route vers la Lune environ huit heures après son lancement. Dans les prochains jours, les contrôleurs de mission du Johnson Space Center de la NASA à Houston effectueront des vérifications supplémentaires et des corrections de cap si nécessaire. Orion devrait voler près de la Lune le 21 novembre, effectuant une approche rapprochée de la surface lunaire sur son chemin vers une orbite rétrograde lointaine, une orbite très stable à des milliers de kilomètres au-delà de la Lune.

"La fusée Space Launch System a fourni la puissance et les performances nécessaires pour envoyer Orion en route vers la Lune", a déclaré Mike Sarafin, responsable de la mission Artemis I. "Avec l'accomplissement de la première étape majeure de la mission, Orion va maintenant se lancer dans la phase suivante pour tester ses systèmes et se préparer aux futures missions avec des astronautes."

La fusée SLS et le vaisseau spatial Orion sont arrivés sur la rampe de lancement 39B de Kennedy le 4 novembre, où ils ont surmonté l'ouragan Nicole. Après la tempête, les équipes ont effectué des évaluations approfondies de la fusée, du vaisseau spatial et des systèmes au sol associés et ont confirmé qu'il n'y avait aucun impact significatif du temps violent.

Les ingénieurs ont précédemment ramené la fusée au bâtiment d'assemblage de véhicules (VAB) le 26 septembre avant l'ouragan Ian et après avoir annulé deux tentatives de lancement précédentes le 29 août en raison d'un capteur de température défectueux et le 4 septembre en raison d'une fuite d'hydrogène liquide à une interface entre la fusée et le lanceur mobile. Avant de revenir au VAB, les équipes ont réussi à réparer la fuite et ont démontré les procédures de mise à jour des réservoirs. Dans le VAB, les équipes ont effectué une maintenance standard pour réparer les dommages mineurs à la mousse et au liège du système de protection thermique et recharger ou remplacer les batteries dans tout le système.

 

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Tags: james webb, nasa, esa, mission artemis, lescope, lescope spatial hubble, next steps to return mars

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