Webb de la NASA prend un portrait étoilé des piliers de la création

Posted By NASA, James Webb, Hubble Space Telescope News Maker on 22-10-2022 17:11:43
Webb de la NASA prend un portrait étoilé des piliers de la création

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Le télescope spatial James Webb de la NASA a capturé un paysage luxuriant et très détaillé – les piliers emblématiques de la création – où de nouvelles étoiles se forment dans des nuages ​​​​denses de gaz et de poussière. Les piliers tridimensionnels ressemblent à des formations rocheuses majestueuses, mais sont beaucoup plus perméables. Ces colonnes sont constituées de gaz et de poussières interstellaires froids qui apparaissent – ​​parfois – semi-transparents dans le proche infrarouge.

La nouvelle vue de Webb sur les piliers de la création, qui ont été rendus célèbres pour la première fois lorsqu'ils ont été photographiés par le télescope spatial Hubble de la NASA en 1995, aidera les chercheurs à réorganiser leurs modèles de formation d'étoiles en identifiant un nombre beaucoup plus précis d'étoiles nouvellement formées, ainsi que les quantités de gaz et la poussière dans la région. Au fil du temps, ils commenceront à mieux comprendre comment les étoiles se forment et éclatent de ces nuages ​​poussiéreux pendant des millions d'années.

 

Le télescope spatial James Webb de la NASA a capturé un paysage luxuriant et très détaillé – les piliers emblématiques de la création – où de nouvelles étoiles se forment dans des nuages ​​​​denses de gaz et de poussière. Les piliers tridimensionnels ressemblent à des formations rocheuses majestueuses, mais sont beaucoup plus perméables. Ces colonnes sont constituées de gaz et de poussières interstellaires froids qui apparaissent – ​​parfois – semi-transparents dans le proche infrarouge.

Le télescope spatial Hubble de la NASA a rendu les piliers de la création célèbres avec sa première image en 1995, mais a revisité la scène en 2014 pour révéler une vue plus nette et plus large en lumière visible, illustrée ci-dessus à gauche. Une nouvelle vue en lumière proche infrarouge du télescope spatial James Webb de la NASA, à droite, nous aide à voir à travers plus de poussière dans cette région de formation d'étoiles. Les piliers bruns épais et poussiéreux ne sont plus aussi opaques et de nombreuses autres étoiles rouges qui se forment encore apparaissent.
Crédits : NASA, ESA, ASC, STScI ; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI).

 

Les étoiles nouvellement formées sont les voleurs de scène dans cette image de la caméra proche infrarouge de Webb (NIRCam). Ce sont les orbes rouge vif qui ont généralement des pics de diffraction et se trouvent à l'extérieur de l'un des piliers poussiéreux. Lorsque des nœuds avec une masse suffisante se forment dans les piliers de gaz et de poussière, ils commencent à s'effondrer sous leur propre gravité, se réchauffent lentement et finissent par former de nouvelles étoiles.

Qu'en est-il de ces lignes ondulées qui ressemblent à de la lave sur les bords de certains piliers ? Ce sont des éjections d'étoiles qui se forment encore dans le gaz et la poussière. De jeunes étoiles lancent périodiquement des jets supersoniques qui entrent en collision avec des nuages ​​​​de matière, comme ces épais piliers. Cela entraîne parfois aussi des chocs d'étrave, qui peuvent former des motifs ondulés comme le fait un bateau lorsqu'il se déplace dans l'eau. La lueur cramoisie provient des molécules d'hydrogène énergétiques qui résultent des jets et des chocs. Cela est évident dans les deuxième et troisième piliers à partir du haut - l'image NIRCam bat pratiquement avec leur activité. On estime que ces jeunes étoiles n'ont que quelques centaines de milliers d'années.

Bien qu'il puisse sembler que la lumière proche infrarouge ait permis à Webb de "percer" les nuages ​​pour révéler de grandes distances cosmiques au-delà des piliers, il n'y a presque pas de galaxies dans cette vue. Au lieu de cela, un mélange de gaz translucide et de poussière connu sous le nom de milieu interstellaire dans la partie la plus dense du disque de notre galaxie de la Voie lactée bloque notre vue sur une grande partie de l'univers plus profond.

Cette scène a été photographiée pour la première fois par Hubble en 1995 et revisitée en 2014, mais de nombreux autres observatoires ont également scruté profondément cette région. Chaque instrument avancé offre aux chercheurs de nouveaux détails sur cette région qui regorge pratiquement d'étoiles.

Cette image étroitement recadrée est située dans la vaste nébuleuse de l'Aigle, qui se trouve à 6 500 années-lumière.

 

Faites une visite vidéo de la vue en lumière infrarouge proche de Webb des piliers de la création. Crédits : NASA, ESA, ASC, STScI ; Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI); Danielle Kirshenblat (STScI).

 

Le télescope spatial James Webb est le premier observatoire scientifique spatial au monde. Webb résoudra les mystères de notre système solaire, regardera au-delà des mondes lointains autour d'autres étoiles et sondera les structures et les origines mystérieuses de notre univers et notre place dans celui-ci. Webb est un programme international mené par la NASA avec ses partenaires, l'ESA (Agence spatiale européenne) et l'ASC (Agence spatiale canadienne).

 

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Tags: james webb, nasa, esa, mission artemis, lescope, lescope spatial hubble

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